Informatics Publishing Limited

D. V. Singh , A. K. Sikka , M. Madhu , Subhash Chand , C. Henry

Abstract

A study was conducted to quantify runoff and soil loss under the cultivation of prominent medicinal and aromatic plants in the high hills of Nilgiris, in order to assess their relative soil and water conservation efficiencies. Six species, namely Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) , Cineraria (Ceneraria maritima), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Mentha (Mentha piperita) and Digitalis (Digitalis purpurea) were planted in 15 m × 5 m plots on 15 percent land slope. Geranium recorded highest average green biomass yield followed by Digitalis, Cineraria, Mentha and Rosemary. Runoff and soil loss was maximum under Thyme followed by Cineraria because of their poor canopy cover. The lowest average annual soil loss and run off, over four years, was observed from Digitalis followed by Mentha and Geranium due to their quick establishment and higher canopy coverage. Relative Soil and Water Conservation Efficiency (RSWCE) varied from 36.4 per cent under Cineraria to 96.6 percent under Digitalis with Mentha, Geranium and Rosemary registering RSWCE of 95.1, 88.4 and 87.8 percent, respectively. It is suggested that Digitalis, Mentha, Geranium and Rosemary cultivation could be the best options for a diversified land use system as well as for cover crop, intercrop and vegetative barrier in the Nilgiris for effective soil conservation.

Full Text

     

D. V. Singh

Abstract

Forests are as integral a part of fanning system as arable land and livestock. Thus, crop production, animal husbandry and forestry constitute the three main closely and inseparably integrated component in hill farming system. Forests are more closely linked with livestock as compare to other component of the mountain farning system. The number of livestock kept per household in hills is mainly determined by the available forest and grazing land in the area. Forest provides feed and bedding material to the livestock and these inputs constitute 49 per cent of total cost of production. Similarly forests contributes 19,20 and 26 per cent in total cost of production of foodgrain, fruits and vegetable, respectively. Besides these contributions, forests fulfils more than 90 per cent domestic energy requirement of hill people and out of which public forests accounts for 50 per cent of total requirement. An attempt has been made in this paper to assess the contribution of forest in farming systcm of the State.

Full Text

     

D. V. Singh

Abstract

The present study is designed to know the extent of forest resources and economic returns to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh and is based on field data collected under wood balance study of A.E.Rr Centre, H.P. University, Shimla from 560 respondents of different size classes spread in four agro-climatic zones of the State. The study aims at' not only estimating the extent of dependence of locals upon forests, but also at providing a value (in monetary terms) to the usufructs availed by the villagers from the forests in the State. The sampling design of study is based on multistage stratified random sampling. The data pertains to 365 days for the year 1989-90 and was collected by day to day accounting.

Full Text

     

D. P. Singh ¹, S. Nagarajan ¹, L. B. Goel ¹, D. Singh ², J. Kumar ¹, D. V. Singh ³, Amerika Singh ⁴, K. D. Srivastava ³, R. Aggarwal ³, M. S. Beniwal ⁵, A. N. Tewari ⁴, K. P. Singh ⁴, A. S. Grewal ⁶

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Wheat Research (ICAR) Post Box No. 158, Karnal 132001, Haryana, IN
2 IARI RS, Karnal, IN
3 IARI, New Delhi, IN
4 GBPUAT, Pantnagar, IN
5 CCHHAU, Hisar, IN
6 PAU, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

The application of Trichoderma viride on loose smut infected seeds (Ustilago segetum var. tritici) or in soil, reduced the smutted tillers up to 17.5 per cent. However, treatment of T. viride alone was not as effective as carboxin seed treatment in the control of loose smut. Maximum reduction was observed in dry seed treatment with antagonist as well as seed treatment plus soil application. The effect of T. viride was more prominent in the seed lot having lower level of loose smut infection. Application of T. viride along with half dose of carboxin was however. found as effective as full recommended dose of carboxin (2.5 g/kg of seed). Soaking of seeds in tap water for 24h also reduced tbe incidence of loose smut by 15.4 per cent.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Loose Smut, Trichoderma viride, Uslilago segetumvar.Tritici..

Full Text

   

Rashmi Aggarwal ¹, D. V. Singh ¹, K. D. Srivastava ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, IN

Abstract

Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur, causing Karnal bunt of wheat is mainly a soil-borne pathogen, whose teliospores germinate and produce a crop of allantoid secondary sporidia, which become air-borne and cause infection (Dhaliwal and Singh, 1986). Seed treatment and foliar spray fungicides have been tested to control the disease (Singh et al., 1985, 1991).

Keywords

Wheat, Karnal Bunt, Biological Control, Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., Bacillus subtilis.

Full Text

   

Vivek S. Sidhartha ¹, D. V. Singh ¹, R. Aggarwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Mycology and Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi - 110 012, IN

Abstract

Phylloplanc mycoflora isolated from four wheat varieties viz., Arjun, WL 711, Sunalika and HD 2285 showed no variation among themselves. Out of 19 fungi isolated, three pruvcd to he antagonistic to Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur. In dual culture, Aspergillus Iliger v. TieghenL,Gliocladium virens Miller et al and Tricllmierma viride Pers. ex Fr. hyperparasitized and lysed the colonies of N. indica. Cell-free culture filtrate of these fungi reduced the germination of tcliospors as well as sporidia.

Keywords

Leaf Mycoflora, Interaction, Neovossia indica, Antagonists, Wheat Varieties.

Full Text

   

G. S. Druwe ¹, R. P. Saharia ², D. V. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Political Science, Govt. J.M.P. College, Takhatpur, Bilaspur (C.G.), IN
2 Dept. of Economics, Govt. J.M.P. College, Takhatpur, Bilaspur (C.G.), IN
3 Dept. of Economics, Govt. Dr. Bhagwatsahai College, Gwalior (M.P.), IN

Abstract

The MGNREGA is the largest employment programmme in human history. The Act was launched on 2^nd February 2006 from Anantapur in Andhra Pradesh and initially covered 200 of the "poorest" districts of the country. The Act was implemented in phased manner; 130 districts were added from 2007 to 2008. With its spread to over 635 districts across the country now. The mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted by legislation on 25^th August 2005. This scheme provides a legal guarantee for at least one hundred days of employment in every financial year to adult members of any household who want ot work at minimum wage of INR 120 (160now) (US$2.20) per day in 2009 prices. The vital aim of the act is to improve the purchasing power of the rural people, it is no matter whether they are APL or BPL. In the Act Central Government meets the cost towards the payment of wages, 3/4^th of material cost and some percentage of administrative cost. State Governments meets the cost of unemployment allowance.

Full Text

     

O. P. Yadav ¹, D. V. Singh ¹, B. S. Dhillon ², T. Mohapatra ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 003, IN
2 Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110 014, IN

Abstract

The term ‘Green Revolution’ (GR) is used to highlight an unprecedented increase in wheat production in India during 1968–72. The critics of GR allege that there is technology fatigue, especially after 1980s. The present study was undertaken to analyse the trends in productivity of major cereals and compare yield gains during the GR era and post-GR era. The period of 68 years since 1950 was divided in four phases: pre-GR era (1950–66) referred to as phase I, GR era (1967–83) as phase II, post-GR era of 1984–2000 as phase III and post-GR era of 2001–17 as phase IV. The annual rate of gain in productivity (kg/ha/yr) in each phase was estimated by linear regression. The annual gain in wheat productivity in phase III (53.1 kg/ha) was 30% higher than that in the GR era (41.0 kg/ha). In rice, the productivity gains increased consistently: annual gain in phase III (32.3 kg/ha) and phase IV (41.6 kg/ha) was 68% to 117% respectively, higher than that in the GR era (19.2 kg/ha). The rate of gain in productivity of maize and pearl millet in phases III and IV was 188–530% higher in comparison to the GR phase. The progress can largely be attributed to development and adoption of improved cultivars with higher yield potential and crop management technologies. The analysis provided conclusive evidence of India experiencing evergreen revolution in major cereals.

Keywords

Cereals, Crop Productivity, Green Revolution, Improved Cultivars.

Full Text

   

Visvash Vaibhav ¹, Gaje Singh ¹, D. V. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

A field study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of biorational insecticides against pigeonpea pod borer Maruca vitrata (F.) at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh during kharif, 2016 and 2017. From the cumulative mean data, it was found that among the ten biorationals evaluated, spinosad 45SC @ 0.4 ml/ l led to the maximum % larval incidence reduction (90.32 and 93.61% during 2016 and 2017, respectively) and also led to maximum reduction in % pod infestation (65.31 and 65.29%) with maximum % increase in yield (77.63 and 77.37%). This treatment also gave a C:B ratio of 1:3.36 and 1:3.74. Comparably, the next best was emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 0.3 g/ l, with 86.93 and 90.89% reduction in larval incidence and 62.52 and 62.63% reduction in pod infestation, with 76.38 and 75.49% increase in yield with a C:B ratio of 1:9.80 and 1:10.34.

Keywords

Pigeonpea, Maruca vitrata, pod borer, insecticides, efficacy, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, larval incidence, pod infestation, yield, C: B Ratio.

Full Text